Question

1-ln a fear conditioning with rats a light and an electric shock are used. If the first presentation of the light elicits a head turning response such a response is an example of ..........

       
a-an unconditional response.

       
b-a conditional response.

       
c-an orienting response.

       
d-an unconditional stimulus.

2-In which of the following procedures does the instrumental response prevent the occurrence of an aversive event?

       
a-Negative reinforcement

       
b-Punishment

       
c-Omission training

       
d-Positive reinforcement

3-Under which of the following reinforcement schedules does the rate of responding increase just before reinforcement delivery?

       
a-VI

       
b-FR

       
c-FI

       
d-VR

4-The phenomenon of positive and negative contrast illustrate that the effect of a particular reinforcer on an instrumental behavior does not depend only quality and quantity of the reinforcement the subject is receiving currently but depends also on

       
a-the subject's previous reinforcement history.

       
b-the type of the maze being used.

       
c-presentation type of the reinforcer.

       
d-the magnitude of the reinforcer.

5-In which of the following conditioning procedures does the first stage involve pairing two biologically weak stimuli?

       
a-Higher-order conditioning

       
b-Counterconditioning

       
c-Sensory preconditioning

       
d-CS pre-exposure

6-The activities that animals instinctively perform when obtaining food may interfere with the development of a response required to obtain food in an experimental situation. This phenomenon is called .............

       
a-belongingness

       
b-negative reinforcement

       
c-punishment

       
d-instinctive drift

7-In which of the instrumental conditioning procedures below does presentation of a stimulus following the response lead to an increase in response rate?

       
a-Negative reinforcement

       
b-Positive reinforcement

       
c-Punishment

       
d-Omission training

8-If rats are given reinforcement every 5 seconds regardless of their responses, they are on

       
a-a fixed interval reinforcement schedule.

       
b-intermittent reinforcement.

       
c-a fixed ratio reinforcement schedule.

       
d-none of them.

Answer 1

1. The answer is unconditional response. Because here the head turning response occur naturally without conditioning.

2. Punishment is the answer. Punishment helps to prevent the occurance of a particular behavior which is inappropriate.

3. Fixed Interval schedule is the answer. Here the rate of response decreases after the delivery of reinforcement and it increases as the time of the next reinforcement approaches.

8. Fixed interval reinforcement schedule is the answer. Here the rate of performance is not considered but the interval or time lapse is considered.