Question

1-Which of the following approaches to classical conditioning stresses how associations determine responding (performance) to the target CS rather than how associations are established?

       
a-The comparator hypothesis.

       
b-The scalar expectancy hypothesis.

       
c-The Rescorla-Wagner model.

       
d-CS-reduction models.

2-Which of the following can be an index of conditioning in a free operant procedure?

       
a-Running time.

       
b-Rate of responses.

       
c-Running speed.

       
d-Latency of the running response.

3-In FR schedules, the frequency of reinforcement is determined by

       
a-clarity of the response.

       
b-rate of the response.

       
c-latency of the response.

       
d-the magnitude of the response.

4-If a rat presses a response lever 10 times in 60 seconds and each occurrence of the instrumental response is reinforced, it is on

       
a-a random reinforcement schedule.

       
b-an intermittent reinforcement schedule.

       
c-a continuous reinforcement schedule.

       
d-an interval reinforcement schedule.

5-According to the Rescorla-Wagner model of conditioning, to be effective in Pavlovian conditioning foot-shock has to be

       
a-Suprising.

       
b-Expected.

       
c-Intense.

       
d-Pulsed.

6-In shaping the first criterion should be selected so that

       
a-some of the subjects existing responses would be reinforced.

       
b-none of the subjects existing responses would be reinforced.

       
c-all of the subjects existing responses would be reinforced.

       
d-most of the subjects existing responses would be reinforced.

7-Presenting the CS alone repeatedly, before the CS is paired with the US, will

       
a-have no effect on the process of acquisition.

       
b-lead to the extinction of the CR.

       
c-slow down the acquisition of the CR.

       
d-increase the speed of acquisition.

8-According to the stimulus substitution model, in the process of classical conditioning new functional pathway is established in the brain between

       
a-CS and UR centers

       
b-CR and UR centers.

       
c-CS and CR centers.

       
d-CS and US centers.

Answer 1

1. B The scalar expectancy hypothesis

2. B The rate of response

3. B rate of response

4. C continous reinforcement

5. B

6. D

7. C

8. A

1. The scalar expectancy principle demonstrates that an internal timing process that helps in expecting the conditioning that help learn a behavior. The associations will be formed when there is an connection formed between the CS and CR by pairing with UCS leading to an expectation of UCR.

2. Rate of response and the expression of either accepting or rejecting the response will determine the probability of behavior to be learned.

3.Fixed ratio schedule is when the rate of giving responsr is fixed. For example giving reinforcement for every 5 th correct response.

4. As all the 10 responses are reinforced continously and not depending on any other factor like rate of response or time it is called continous reinforcement schedule.