Question

Please answer all questions. Question 5,6,7,8,9, and 10.

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of fixed ratio reinforcement schedule?

Answers:         

A.

gambling at a slot machine

B.

checking your e-mail at random times throughout the day instead of every time you hear the new e-mail notification

C.

feeding your fish every day at 8 a.m.

D.

knowing you will get to play miniature golf as soon as you collect 10 gold stars for your reward chart

Question 6

Which of the following is an example of vicarious reinforcement?

Answers:         

A.

Babs saw Martin receive a candy bar for completing his reading list. So, she completes her reading list because she saw Martin get a reward for doing it.

B.

Lana wants to receive a candy bar and she knows from reading the rulebook that she will receive one if she earns enough good behavior tokens.

C.

Park wants to avoid detention, so he follows the school rules and does not smoke on the playground.

D.

Ryan observes Cameron getting a time out for spitting out her toast. Because he saw his friend punished, he does not spit out his toast.

Question 7

Dave’s boss told him that he doesn’t have to attend the company picnic (which everybody dislikes) if Dave meets his sales quota this month. Dave’s boss is using ____________.

Answers:         

A.

negative punishment

B.

negative reinforcement

C.

positive punishment

D.

positive reinforcement

Question 8

Which of the following is an example of observational learning?

Answers:         

A.

learning to speak Spanish by attending Spanish class

B.

your brother refusing to play with you

C.

teaching yourself yoga by watching a yoga group in the park

D.

your father teaching you how to write by guiding your hand as you form the letters

Question 9

What did John B. Watson and Rosalie Rayner demonstrate with their studies of Little Albert?

Answers:         

A.

boys display fear differently from girls

B.

boys display more fear than girls

C.

emotion can be a conditioned response

D.

fear cannot be a conditioned response

Question 10

If the principles of social learning theory are true, then children are most likely to perform aggressive behavior ____________.

Answers:         

A.

after dreaming about having a fight with their parents

B.

after dreaming they were on television

C.

after seeing a television character being punished for taking violent action against another character

D.

after seeing a television character receive a reward for taking violent action against another character

Answer 1

5.D

Fixed-ratio reinforcement schedule refers to a schedule where a reinforcer is delivered after every 'n' responses, where 'n' is the size of the ratio.

6.A

Vicarious reinforcement refers to the tendency where one duplicates a behaviour for which others are being rewarded.

7.B

8.C

Observational learning refers to a learning that occurs through observing the behaviour of others. It is a form of social learning which takes various forms, based on various processes.

9.C

John B. Watson and Rosalie Rayner with their studies of Little Albert demonstrated that it was possible to condition an emotional reaction to a previously neutral stimulus.

10.D