Question

In what ways do mutations lead to cancer? Indicate the steps of tumor formation and growth.

Answer 1

Mutations occur during replication of DNA . Mutation is also produced by environmental factors like tobacco or UV radiation.A mutation produced in certain genes can cause cancer if genes get damaged and the normal function of proteins gets alteredA mutated and overactive form of a proto-oncogene leads to formation of oncogenes. Oncogenes cause cells to divide continually leading to progression of cancer.

Steps in tumor progression

• Hyperplasia : cells divide rapidly, however appear normal.
• Dysplasia : tumor cells and tissue seem to be abnormal.
• Carcinoma : tumor comprise of altered cells and grows larger.