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Where and how is energy is expended in the replication, transcription, and translation of DNA? (Consider...

Where and how is energy is expended in the replication, transcription, and translation of DNA?

(Consider polymerization with dNTP’s in the context of how hydrolysis of ATP releases energy even though it takes energy to break a bond).

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Answer #1

Energy is expended in replication when the new base is added to the growing DNA chain. DNA polymerase that add new nucleotide, break the phosphate bond from the end of nucleotides. These nucleotide have three phosphate group.

The transcription require energy that add new ribonucleotides in the growing chain of mRNA. The energy is provided by hydrolyses of phosphate bond present in ribonucleotides.

The addition of amino acid to the growing peptide chain require ATP. Approximately 4 ATP are used in adding of amino acid.  

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