Question

1. The scientific method is best distinguished from earlier forms of knowledge by

1. Accurate measurements              b. inductive reasoning           c. deductive reasoning

d. publishing of results                 e. experimentation

2. Which one word best describes a tentative explanation of the data?

a. control        b. deduction    c. theory          d. placebo       e. hypothesis

3. An explanation which has been widely tested, which is not found to be false, and which explains a large group of observations is called                      a. quantitative analysis           b. a theory

3. Qualitative analysis     d. data collection        e. control treatment
4. Animals that are alive today exhibit structures (such as the forelimbs of vertebrates) that appear to have been derived from a common ancestor. This type of evidence for evolution is called
5. Fossil evidence      b. comparative anatomy        c. embryological evidence

4. homologous structures          e. (b) and d)
5. Which of the following is not associated with the Darwin-Wallace theory of evolution?
6. There is variation within each species     b. some variations are inherited

3. organisms try to adapt to their environment
4. more offspring are produced than can survive to maturity
5. Those organisms best adapted to their environment are more likely to survive
6. The smallest particle that has all of the properties of a particular element is
7. An electron           b. an atom      c. an isotope   d. a molecule              e. all of the above
8. An atom that is neutral must have equal numbers of          a. protons and neutrons
9. Electrons and neutrons    c. protons and electrons         d. all of the above

5. None of the above
6. A pure substance that cannot be broken down further by usual chemical reactions is
7. A chemical element                      b. an ion          c. a molecule

d. A chemical compound             e. an isotope

9. The smallest particle which has all of the properties of a chemical compound is

1. An ion        b. an atom      c. an isotope   d. a molecule              e. a nucleus
2. The monomers basic (building blocks) for carbohydrates are
3. Amino acids          b. nucleotides             c. monosaccharides    d. disaccharides      e. fatty acids
4. Which of the following refers to the movement of individual particles across the cell membrane from areas of lower concentration to areas of higher concentration?
5. Diffusion               b. endocytosis             c. active transport

D. exocytosis         e. endocytosis

12. Many cells use the sodium/potassium pump, which maintains high concentrations of potassium and low concentrations of sodium inside the cells. This pump         a. uses active transport

b. requires the cell to spend energy               c. requires ATP            d. all of the above.    E. (b) and (c) only

13. When a neutral sodium atom donates an electron to a neutral chlorine atom,

1. Sodium becomes a negatively charged ion
2. Sodium becomes a positively charged ion
3. Chorine becomes a positively charged ion
4. Both (b) and (c) are true             e. (a) and (c)
5. Which of the following is NOT true of olive oil?                   A. it is a lipid
6. It contains C, H, and O      c. it is a triglyceride     d. it has fewer oxygen atoms than carbon atoms

e. it is a saturated fat        f. it is considered to be better for human health than butter or lard

15. A molecule with an NH₂ group on one side of a central carbon atom and a COOH group on the other side is                  a. an amino acid          b. a carbohydrate     c. a fatty acid     d. a nucleic acid       e. a lipid
16. A molecule has a long chain of carbon atoms all connected to each other by single bonds, with hydrogen atoms bonded to the carbons, and with the last carbon atom having a double bond to an oxygen atom and a single bond to an OH group. Which of the following describes this molecule?
17. An amino acid           b. a carbohydrate       c. an unsaturated fatty acid              

d. a saturated fatty acid                    e. starch   

17. A molecule has six carbon atoms in a single ring. It also has six oxygen atoms and 12 hydrogen atoms.

This molecule is          a. an amino acid         b. a monosaccharide              c. a disaccharide

d. a polysaccharide                      e. a lipid

18. Why are foods frequently placed in boiling water before canning them? Boiling

1. denatures the enzymes in microorganisms which would have caused the food to decay
2. breaks the hydrogen bonds in the proteins of decay-causing microorganisms
3. changes the shape of the proteins of decay-causing organisms
4. All of the above               e. (a) and (b) only

19. Which of the following is/are true when the code of messenger RNA brings together a specific sequence of amino acids?                   a. this takes place at the ribosome

2. polypeptides begin to be formed     c. this is called transcription   d. all of the above.    e. (a) & (b) only

20. A disaccharide may be split into two monosaccharides in a reaction called           a. Ionization                b. hydrolysis                c. dehydration synthesis           d. translation              e. protein synthesis
21. Which of the following are the molecular formulas of the two product molecules which would result from a reaction between the following 2 molecules: C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁ + H₂O
22. 6CO_2. + 6H₂O               b. C₆H₁₂O_6. + C₆H₁₂O₆             c. C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂              d. C₅H₁₀O₅ + C₇H₁₄O₇
23. Bacteria are distinguished from all other organisms by the fact that
24. They have no DNA           b. they don’t carry out metabolism               c. they are not true cells

d. they are all heterotrophic             e. their DNA is not surrounded by their own nuclear membrane

23. Which of the following is not part of the cell theory?

1. All living things are composed of cells or cell products
2. The cell is the smallest unit of life           c. All cells come from pre-existing cells

d. All cells have membrane-surrounded organelles       e. none of the above is false

24.       The random movement of molecules from areas of high concentration to lower concentration is

a. active transport      b. endocytosis             c. diffusion      d. exocytosis               e. glycolysis

25. If a cell which is part of a saliva gland produces a digestive enzyme which is secreted in bulk into the mouth, the process of secreting the enzyme from inside the cell into the mouth is called

1. Active transport              b. endocytosis             c. diffusion      d. exocytosis             e. phagocytosis
2. Mitochondria are      a. the main sites of ATP synthesis in eukaryotic cells
3. The sites of protein synthesis     c. contained in all prokaryotic cells

d. Carriers of most of the hereditary information for eukaryotic cells        e. none of the above

27. The plasma membrane or cell membrane is composed of

1. A double layer of phospholipids with protein molecules embedded
2. A single layer of phospholipids               c. a double layer of proteins

d. a double layer of proteins with ATP embedded         e. all of the above

28. Long hair-like structures used to propel a cell through a fluid or move a fluid past the surface of a cell are called          a. cilia              b. vacuoles        c. flagella         d. tentacles     e. nucleolus
29. A hypothesis specifically says that certain organelles such as chloroplasts and mitochondria originated as free-living prokaryotic cells which during evolution were incorporated into larger cells but not destroyed in the process. This hypothesis is called            

a. the spontaneous generation of life hypothesis                  b. the cell theory    c. the endosymbiotic hypothesis d. the theory of evolution by natural selection       e. blending inheritance theory

Answer 1

1. Option c is the right answer as the scientific method distinguish from an earlier form of knowledge by implying the deductive reasoning.

2. Option b is the right answer best tentative explanation od data in a single word that can be described as a deduction. The deduction is based on the explanation of data and finally test the hypothesis.

3. Option b is the right answer as An explanation which has been widely tested, which is not found to be false, and which explains a large group of observations is called a theory.