Arousal component of emotion is regulated by the autonomic nervous system. The two sub-divisions of autnomic nervous system i.e. sympathetic and parasympathetic deals with the arousal/ calming component. Sympathetic nervous system is the arousal component and it turns everything on whereas parasympathetic nervous system is the calming component and it turns everything back off. When sympathetic nervous system turns everything on, following bodily changes can be oberved: pupil dilates, skin perspires, increased heart rate, inhibited digestion, release of stress hormone (cortisol), function of immune system is reduced etc.
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