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Define Down syndrome. Then state the Etiology, Prognosis, Symptoms, Signs and Complications for this condition.

Define Down syndrome. Then state the Etiology, Prognosis, Symptoms, Signs and Complications for this condition.

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Answer #1

Down's syndrome

Definition : Down's syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by trisomy of chromosome 21 leading to abnormal physical and intellectual development.

Etiology : Trisomy of chromosome 23 resulting from abnormal cell division.

Prognosis : Aging is accelerated in down's syndrome patients. Average life expectancy is lower.

Symptoms and signs :

- poor muscle tone

- shirt neck with excess skin posteriorly

- Flat facies

- Upward slanting eyes

- simian crease

- deep groove between first and second toes

- Intellectual and developmental symptoms like poor concentration and impulsive behaviour.

Complications :

- Congenital heart defects

- Deafness

- Cataracts

- Leukemia

- Sleep problems

- Early onset Alzheimer's disease.

- Hip dislocation

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