Question

State the Etiology, Prognosis, and Complications for Spina bifida, sensory processing disorder and hoarding disorder.

Answer 1

Spinabifida

etiology

The exact cause of spina bifida remains a mystery. No one knows what disrupts complete closure of the neural tube, causing this malformation to develop. the factors that cause spina bifida are multiple: genetic, nutritional, and environmental factors all play a role. Research studies indicate that insufficient intake of folic acid a common B vitamin in the mother’s diet is a key factor in causing spina bifida and other neural tube defects. Prenatal vitamins typically contain folic acid as well as other vitamins.

Prognosis

Children with spina bifida can lead active lives. Prognosis, activity, and participation depend on the number and severity of abnormalities and associated personal and environmental factors. Most children with the disorder have normal intelligence and can walk, often with assistive devices. If learning problems develop, appropriate educational interventions are helpful.

Complication

Traumatic birth and difficult delivery of the baby.

Frequent urinary tract infections.

Fluid buildup on the brain (hydrocephalus)

Loss of bowel or bladder control.

Brain infection (meningitis)

Permanent weakness or paralysis of legs.

Myelomeningocele

Sensory perception disorder

Etiology

Prenatal and birth complications have also been implicated, and environmental factors may be involved. For example, children who are adopted often experience SPD, due perhaps to restrictions in their early lives or poor prenatal care. Birth risk factors may also cause SPD (low birth weight, prematurity, etc), as with any developmental and/or behavioral disorder, the causes of SPD are likely to be the result of factors that are both genetic and environmental

Complication

.A person with SPD finds it difficult to process and act upon information received through the senses, which creates challenges in performing countless everyday tasks. Motor clumsiness, behavioral problems, anxiety, depression, school failure, and many other problems may impact those who do not have effective treatment.Low school performance, behavioral difficulties, social isolation, employment problems, family and personal stress,

Prognosis

There’s no cure for sensory issues. Some children may experience fewer with age, while others may just learn to cope with the experiences.

Some doctors don’t treat sensory issues by themselves, but rather target the symptoms during overall treatment for the diagnosed condition, such as autism spectrum disorder or ADHD.Because it’s not considered an official disorder, not everyone is eager to treat or speculate on treatments that haven’t been reliably shown to be effective in changing behaviors.

Hoarding disorder

Etiology

The cause of hoarding disorder is unknown. Doctors have identified several risk factors associated with the condition. They include:

Having a relative with the disorder
Brain injury that triggers the need to save things
Traumatic life event
Mental disorders such as depression or obsessive-compulsive disorder
Uncontrollable buying habits
Inability to pass up free items such as coupons and flyers

Prognosis

Many people who receive treatment for hoarding disorder learn to manage their possessions. Learning new behaviors allows them to feel less anxiety. Treatment can decrease their need to save items. Reducing these symptoms leads to an improved quality of life.

Complications
Hoarding disorder can cause a variety of complications, including:

Increased risk of falls
Injury or being trapped by shifting or falling items
Family conflicts
Loneliness and social isolation
Unsanitary conditions that pose a risk to health
A fire hazard
Poor work performance
Legal issues, such as eviction

Other mentalhealth disorder

Depression
Anxiety disorders
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)