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explain the concept of penetration and shielding. Make reference to energy.

explain the concept of penetration and shielding. Make reference to energy.

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Answer #1

Both these terms are used with respect to orbitals in an atom.

The term shielding means that the nuclear charge acting over the Valence electrons is less than what it actually is due to the fully filled inner orbitals.said as providing shielding. More shielding means less energy is required to ionise the atom.

The term penetration means how effectively electrons can get close to the nucleas. Less will be the shielding more more will be the penetration. Less energy will be required to insert an electron to the orbital.

Example S orbital is more penetrating than p orbitals.

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