Question

Find one protein made by your pet cell and explain how the cell makes it. The protein does not have to be unique to your pet cell.

Try to find the DNA sequence of your gene of interest (NCBI is a good place to start - I can help you with this). Describe the enzymes involved in transcribing and translating this DNA sequence. Where do the enzymes bind? What actions do they perform? In a nutshell, describe the transcription and translation processes.

What does your protein of interest look like? How many residues is it composed of, and what is their sequence? Does your protein have recognizable domains? If so, how big are they? What is the function of each domain?

the pet cell-- liver cell

Answer 1

Liver cells make many proteins but we will consider the major protein produced by the liver cells that is the albumin protein.

This element protein is produced by the Rough Endoplasmic reticulum. The DNA sequence which codes for this protein is transcripted into to the mRNA which takes the message of production of albumin protein to the ribosomes attached on the outer surface of the endoplasmic reticulum. The newly formed protein is immature and it has to undergo some modification process which will make it a modified protein and thus it will become functional. The protein formed is called prepro albumin. The Golgi vesicles cleaves it into its secretary form albumin.

The gene encodes for albumin protein is ALB protein or HSA protein. This gene is present on chromosome number 4 and it consists of 24158bp. The gene ID is 213 and the protein ID is NP 0 0 0 4 6 8.1.

Transcription process will processed like other transcription processes of the proteins. The transcription process starts when the signal for the production of albumin protein is received by the liver cells. The transcription process starts with the enzyme RNA polymerase along with the transcription factors. These transcription factors binds to the specific DNA sequence. Transcription initiation complex is formed which will trigger the formation of mRNA. The mRNA produced is undergone the modification reactions.

After transcription the translation process takes place in which the mRNA molecule undergo this process. The m RNA molecule get attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Here the ribosomes present read the information and start the process of protein elongation according to the information. The pre pro protein is formed which will undergo the modification process in Golgi vesicles. The produced protein are in mature form and become functional.

The albumin protein is responsible for the regulation of osmotic pressure in the blood.