Question

A researcher wants to study the association between heavy coffee consumption and urinary bladder cancer. The variable X represents the variable "heavy coffee consumption." X = 1 if a subject drinks coffee heavily in the year 2001, and X = 0 if the subject is not a heavy coffee drinker in 2001. The variable Y represents the occurrence of urinary bladder cancer by the year 2006. Y = 1 if a subject has urinary bladder cancer by 2006, and Y = 0 is a subject does not have urinary bladder cancer by 2006. Suppose that Pr[Y = 1|X = 1] = 0.03 and Pr[Y = 1|X = 0] = 0.01125. Also, Pr[X=1lY = 1]= 0.667and [X= 1|Y= 0]= 0.1816.

(c) The researcher classifies the subjects according to their coffee consumption and urinary bladder cancer status.

	Bladder Cancer	No Bladder Cancer
Heavy Coffee Consumption	62	19
Normal Coffee Consumption	38	81

Compute the estimated odds ratio for the bladder cancer group relative to the no-bladder-cancer group. Give a 95% confidence interval for the true odds ratio and interpret your results.

(d) For situations in which the disease of interest (urinary bladder cancer, in this case) is very rare, which type of epidemiologic study will be more likely to result in a significant result when there is a true association between the risk factor and disease? Why is this so?

Answer 1

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