Question

1. There is a positive association between alcohol consumption and liver cancer. Explain the positive association between the two variables. (2 points)

2. There is a negative (inverse) association between exercise and cardiovascular disease. Explain the inverse association between the two variables. (2 points)

3. Indicate each measure of association as Statistically Significant (SS) or Not Statistically Significant (NSS). OR = odds ratio; CI = confidence interval

____ OR = 1.91; 95% CI = 1.01-2.25 (1 point)

____ OR = 5.02; 95% CI = 2.53 - 6.70 (1 point)

____ OR = 2.44; 95% CI = 0.50 - 5.67 (1 point)

____ RR = 0.65; 95% CI = 0.14 – 0.89 (1 point)

____ RR = 0.79; 95% CI = 0.55 – 1.02 (1 point)

4. Let’s assume that the α level for a study is set to be 0.05. Is the following measure of association statistically significant? (1 point)

OR = 1.05, p-value = 0.06

Yes or No

Answer 1