Question

What areas of the CNS are involved in the descending analgesia circuit of pain perception and...

What areas of the CNS are involved in the descending analgesia circuit of pain perception and what are the roles of each area?

Homework Answers

Answer #1
  • Pain modulation likely exists in the form of a descending pain modulatory circuit with inputs that arise in multiple areas, including the hypothalamus, the amygdala, and the rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC), feeding to the midbrain periaqueductal gray region (PAG), and with outputs from the PAG to the medulla.
  • Neurons within the nucleus raphe magnus and nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis, which are included within the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM), have been shown to project to the spinal or medullary dorsal horns to directly or indirectly enhance or diminish nociceptive traffic, changing the experience of pain.
  • This descending modulatory circuit is an “opioid-sensitive” circuit and relevant to human experience in many settings, including in states of chronic pain, and in the actions of pain-relieving drugs, including opiates, cannabinoids, NSAIDs, and serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake blockers that mimic, in part, the actions of opiates .
  • This descending PAG-RVM system forms the circuitry that underlies the physiological phenomenon of stress-induced analgesia (SIA), which is mediated by parallel opioid and cannabinoid neurotransmitter systems in the PAG. At the cellular level, opioids and cannabinoids are hypothesised to activate descending analgesia through an indirect process of 'GABA disinhibition'-suppression of inhibitory GABAergic inputs onto output neurons which constitute the descending analgesic pathway.
Know the answer?
Your Answer:

Post as a guest

Your Name:

What's your source?

Earn Coins

Coins can be redeemed for fabulous gifts.

Not the answer you're looking for?
Ask your own homework help question
Similar Questions
what are the four major areas of the mammalian nephron(prior to the collecting ducts) and what...
what are the four major areas of the mammalian nephron(prior to the collecting ducts) and what major process takes place in each of them? what substances are involved in each area as well.
What is the difference between an acute pain and a chronic pain? List pertinent informations considered...
What is the difference between an acute pain and a chronic pain? List pertinent informations considered in each of the four areas of general survey; physical appearance, body structure, mobility, and behavior.
What areas of the brain would be involved if someone: a) heard and attended to a...
What areas of the brain would be involved if someone: a) heard and attended to a loud sound, b) felt afraid, c) started to run away, d) told someone about it, e) and later on, remembered never to go to that place again.
1. Is NASCARs main goal to maximize profits? If not, what is their major goal? Is...
1. Is NASCARs main goal to maximize profits? If not, what is their major goal? Is there a tradeoff involved here? 2. Is the motivation for the actions described in the NYT article (safety changes, blackbox data collection) connected to their goal? Explain. 3. If people tune in to see crashes (Nascar fans love crashes the way hockey fans love fights; when you watch the Speed Channel's edited replays of Nascar races, the plot is always the same: green flag,...
Assignment: What are the main arguments in the article? Please answer within 5 hours. It is...
Assignment: What are the main arguments in the article? Please answer within 5 hours. It is extremely urgent!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- BIOETHICS. Bioethics as a field is relatively new, emerging only in the late 1960s, though many of the questions it addresses are as old as medicine itself. When Hippocrates wrote his now famous dictum Primum non nocere (First, do no harm), he was grappling with one of the core issues still facing human medicine, namely, the role and duty of the...
What tools could AA leaders have used to increase their awareness of internal and external issues?...
What tools could AA leaders have used to increase their awareness of internal and external issues? ???ALASKA AIRLINES: NAVIGATING CHANGE In the autumn of 2007, Alaska Airlines executives adjourned at the end of a long and stressful day in the midst of a multi-day strategic planning session. Most headed outside to relax, unwind and enjoy a bonfire on the shore of Semiahmoo Spit, outside the meeting venue in Blaine, a seaport town in northwest Washington state. Meanwhile, several members of...
What topics are covered in the following article? Please answer within 5 hours. It is extremely...
What topics are covered in the following article? Please answer within 5 hours. It is extremely urgent!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- BIOETHICS. Bioethics as a field is relatively new, emerging only in the late 1960s, though many of the questions it addresses are as old as medicine itself. When Hippocrates wrote his now famous dictum Primum non nocere (First, do no harm), he was grappling with one of the core issues still facing human medicine, namely, the role and duty of the physician....
      MK Restaurant: Branding of Thai-Style Hotpot The restaurant industry is one of the most...
      MK Restaurant: Branding of Thai-Style Hotpot The restaurant industry is one of the most competitive in Thailand. With a large number of players ranging from restaurants in five-star hotels, global fast-food chains to small stalls along the streets and everything in between, the Thais are spoiled for choice. In addition, as the world becomes globalized, consumers are familiar with international dishes and would not hesitate to try new offerings from the other side of the globe. As a...
Using the model proposed by Lafley and Charan, analyze how Apigee was able to drive innovation....
Using the model proposed by Lafley and Charan, analyze how Apigee was able to drive innovation. case:    W17400 APIGEE: PEOPLE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AND THE CHALLENGE OF GROWTH Ranjeet Nambudiri, S. Ramnarayan, and Catherine Xavier wrote this case solely to provide material for class discussion. The authors do not intend to illustrate either effective or ineffective handling of a managerial situation. The authors may have disguised certain names and other identifying information to protect confidentiality. This publication may not be...
Please read the article and answear about questions. Determining the Value of the Business After you...
Please read the article and answear about questions. Determining the Value of the Business After you have completed a thorough and exacting investigation, you need to analyze all the infor- mation you have gathered. This is the time to consult with your business, financial, and legal advis- ers to arrive at an estimate of the value of the business. Outside advisers are impartial and are more likely to see the bad things about the business than are you. You should...
ADVERTISEMENT
Need Online Homework Help?

Get Answers For Free
Most questions answered within 1 hours.

Ask a Question
ADVERTISEMENT