Question

Make a mind-map explaining how drug is developed with human existence and describe the progress of drug development from first apothecary practice upto the creation of Drug Standards?

Answer 1

DRUGS

Drugs is a substance used in diagnosis ,prevention, or treatment of adisease.

WHO defines ,a drug is any substance or product that is used or intended to be used to modify or explore physiological systems or pathological states for the benefit of the recipient.

HISTORY OF DRUG DEVELOPMENT

In ancient times itself ,man knew the useful and toxic effect of plants and animal products .

In early days there were close relationship between religion and treatment of diseases .The knowledge of the use of drugs often rested with priest or holyman.Drugs were thought to be magical in their action and medicines developed symultaneously in several countries .but the spread of knowlledge was limited because of poorly developed communication across the world.

Severa cultures like chinese, Greeks,Indian,Romans,Persian,European and many other contributed a great deal of development of medicines in early times.

  In Middle age,many herbal gardens were cultivated by the monasteries.

Later, various other traditional systems of medicine were practiced in different parts of world-like Homeopathy,Unani,Siddha system ,and Allopathy.but only few were survived ,due to lack of knowledge on disease.

In 17 th centuary,the importance of experimentation and observation and scientific mathods of study became clear.

Francois Megendie and claude Bernard popularized the use of animal experiments to understand the effect of drugs.Simultaneously, development of other branches of science like botany, zoology, and physiology helped in better understanding of pharmacology.

Later, a rapid growth of the subject with several new drugs, new concepts and techniques being introduced.Now we have a deeper knowledge about the mechanism of drugs on our body and several diseases which were incurable and fatal can now be completely cured with just few tablets.

Now we are accessible to various drug informattion sources like;

• Pharmacopedia
• Drug formulary
• Textbooks
• Journals
• Periodicals
• Medline

Drug standards

Now each states have their on drug standards and regulatory bodies to ensure safe preparation and supply of drugs

HISTORY OF DRUG DISCOVERY

Pre 1919

• Herbal Drugs
• SerendiptiousBiotechnology
• discoveries

1920,30

• vitamins
• vaccines

1940s

• Antiboitic Era
• R and D Boost due to WW2

1970s

• Rise of Biotechnology
• Use of IT

1960s

• Break through in etiology

1950s

• New technology
• Discovery of DNA

1980s

• Communication of Drug discovry
• Combinatorial chemistry

1990s

• Robotics
• Automation.
• Drug Standerds