Question

pathophysiology of Pulmonary Embolism?

Answer 1

Pathophysiology of Pulmonary Embolism?

Pulmonary embolism is a blockage in one of the pulmonary arteries in your lungs. In most cases, pulmonary embolism is caused by blood clots that travel to the lungs from deep veins in the legs or, rarely, from veins in other parts of the body (deep vein thrombosis).

Pulmonary Embolism (PE) occurs when deep venous thrombi detach and embolize to the pulmonary circulation. Pulmonary vascular occlusion occurs and impairs fuel change and circulation. In the lungs, the decrease lobes are greater regularly affected than the upper, with bilateral lung involvement being common. Larger emboli wedge in the most important pulmonary artery, while smaller emboli occlude the peripheral arteries. Peripheral PE can lead to pulmonary infarction, manifested by using intra-alveolar hemorrhage. Pulmonary infarction happens in about 10% of patients besides underlying cardiopulmonary disease. Obstruction of the pulmonary arteries creates useless area air flow as alveolar ventilation exceeds pulmonary capillary blood flow. This contributes to ventilation-perfusion mismatch, with vascular occlusion of the arteries growing pulmonary vascular resistance. In addition, humoral mediators, such as serotonin and thromboxane, are released from activated platelets and may also set off vasoconstriction in unaffected areas of lung. As the pulmonary artery systolic stress increases, proper ventricular after load increases, main to right ventricular failure. As the right ventricular failure progresses, impairment in left ventricular filling may develop. Rapid development to myocardial ischemia might also appear secondary to insufficient coronary artery filling, with doable for hypotension, syncope, electromechanical dissociation, or sudden death.