Question

type of steam nozzle use it in power plant , what are the different between them and what the advantage and disadvantage of each type? write about +1500 word

please write it in word

Answer 1

Steam nozzle: It is a duct or passage like device of varying cross-section, through which heat energy of steam is converted to kinetic energy. Steam Nozzle major function is to produce steam jet with high velocity to drive steam turbines.

Types of steam nozzle used in power plant are:

1. Convergent nozzle
2. Divergent nozzle
3. Convergent-Divergent nozzle

1. Convergent nozzle:

It is type of nozzle of which crossectional area decreases continuously from its entrance to exit.

Applications: it is used in cases like where the back pressure is equal to or greater than critical pressure ratio.

2.Divergent nozzle:

In this type of nozzle crossectional area increases continously from its entrance to exit.

Application: it is used where back pressure is less than critical pressure ratio.

3.Convergent-Divergent nozzle:

In this type of nozzle first decrease from its entrance to throat and then increases from throat to exit.

Application: used widely in many type of steam turbine.

Major applications of steam turbine are as follows:

• Spray painting
• Rocket motors
• Jet engines
• Steam and gas turbine
• Steam jet refrigeration system etc

Advantages of Divergent nozzle is to increase the pressure and thus produce high thrust like rocket propulsion engine or jet engine.

Advantage of Convergent nozzle are used to increase fluid velocity thus converts most of the fluid energy to kinetic energy. These are used to run turbine blade in impact turbine electric generators.

Disadvantages of convergent nozzle are:

• It has no Divergent outlet and hence low pressure recovery.
• It can't be used in low pressure head.
• It cant be used in flow meter if fluid has high percentages of solid particles.

Advantage of Convergent-Divergent nozzle are

• These can be seen in water supply pumps ,jet engines where thrust at high speed like supersonic jet is required

Disadvantage of Convergent-Divergent steam nozzle is that it creat shock wave due to increase in velocity to sonic speed.

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