Describe the bonding around the chlorine atom in perchloric acid, HClO4. Specifically, what type of hybrid oribtals would the chlorine atom employ, and what type of chlorine and oxygen orbitals are invovled in forming the pi bonds.
Hybridization of Cl in HClO4 is sp3 according to VSEPR theory & it is Tetrahedral in shape with bond angle 109.80. Chlorine is double bonded to three oxygen atoms and single bonded to hydroxl group, with a dipole moment of 2.14566 Debye. chlorine atom uses sp3 hybrid orbitals while oxygen atoms are sp2 hybridized.
Cl(sp3)-O(sp2) makes a pi bond. Please see below image
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