Question

4. Explain chemically and functionally the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats.

Answer 1

The difference between saturated and unsaturated fat:

Serial Number	Saturated fat	Unsaturated fat
1	They have only a single bond,s so cannot incorporate more hydrogen.	They have both single and double bonds, so they can incorporate more hydrogens.
2	They cannot be further divided into subcategories.	The subcategories are: Monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) and Polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)
3	They have a solid consistency at room temperature	They have a liquid consistency at room temperature
4	Mostly animal-derived.	Mostly plant-derived.
5	They have not susceptible to oxidation rancidity further when exposed to the atmosphere.	They have not susceptible to oxidation rancidity further when exposed to the atmosphere.
6	A high amount is harmful to health.	They have various health benefits.
7	The hydrocarbon chain is a straight-chain because of having single bonds.	The hydrocarbon chain is bent chain because of having double bonds.
8	They have a high melting point.	They have a low melting point.
9	They are used to make up the fat.	They are used to make up the oil.
10	They have a high shelf-life.	They have low shelf-life.
11	They cause an increase in LDL (Low-density lipoprotein)	They cause a decrease in LDL (low-density lipoprotein)
12	In our body, 10% of the calorie should be come from saturated fats.	In our body, 30% of the calorie should be come from unsaturated fats.
13	Excessive intake may lead to atherosclerosis and heart attack.	Excessive intake may reduce cholesterol.
14	They are less reactive molecules.	They are highly reactive molecules.
15	They do not undergo polymerization.	They undergo polymerization.
16	They are more stable fats.	They are less stable fats.
17	The structure includes alkanes and cycloalkanes.	The structure includes alkenes, alkynes, and aromatic compounds.
18	They cannot be hydrogenated and have high cholesterol content.	They can be hydrogenated and do not have cholesterol content.
19	They can be found in coconut oil, vegetable oil, butter, whole milk, margarine, etc.	They can be found in avocado, olive oil, sunflower oil, fish oil, etc.
20	Example: Stearic acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, etc.	Example: Oleic acid, linoleic acid, stearidonic acid, etc.

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