Question

Some individuals cannot make anti-diuretic hormone because of damage to a certain part of the brain....

Some individuals cannot make anti-diuretic hormone because of damage to a certain part of the brain.

a. What brain area would most likely be damaged in these individuals?

b. How would this problem affect the urine volume and osmolality in these individuals? Justify your response.

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Answer #1

a. Damage to the hypothalamus or pituitary gland would most likely cause inability to make anti-diuretic hormone in certain individuals.

b. Special nerve cells make anti-diuretic hormone at hypothalamus and it is transported through the axons to pituitary gland and released into the bloodstream. If these areas of the brain are damaged there will be very low or no production of anti-diuretic hormone. It causes the excretion of too much water by kidneys. Eventually urine volume will increase resulting in dehydration. If anti-diuretic hormone is not produced aquaporins will not transport solute free water and urine osmolarity will decrease as water reabsorption by inserting aquaporins into the kidney tubules is stimulated by anti-diuretic hormone.

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