Question

The Women’s Health Initiative conducted an experiment in 2002 to study the side-effects of hormone replacement therapy for women with menopausal symptoms. The experiment randomly assigned over 16,000 U.S. women to receive hormone treatment or a placebo. The experiment was double-blind. After 5 years a larger proportion of the hormone group had breast cancer and heart disease. Researchers were so alarmed by the results that the experiment was ended early to prevent further harm to the health of the women participating in the hormone group.

As a result of this experiment, the use of hormone replacement therapy fell by 66%.

Yet the British Menopause Society and the International Menopause Society questioned this reaction. The Women’s Health Concern, a British non-profit group that provides independent and unbiased information about women’s health wrote, “It must be remembered that the WHI data on which the concerns were raised related to overweight North American women in their mid-sixties and not to the women that are treated with HRT for their menopausal symptoms in the United Kingdom, who are usually around the age of menopause, namely 45-55 years.”

The objections raised by the Women’s Health Concern are an example of what?

Check all that apply. Group of answer choices

1. Inference based on non-random data

2. inappropriate cause-and-effect conclusions

3. overgeneralization

Answer 1