Question

1. A researcher hypothesized that facial pain would be a good indicator of degree of severity of refractory rhinosinusitis (a sinus infection). Patients who had been diagnosed with refractory rhinosinusitis were recruited to participate in the study.  All participants were asked to complete a pain questionnaire prior to CT scans of their sinuses.  Sinus scans were then rated by an independent neuroradiologist and were scored using the Lund-McKay, Harvard, and Kennedy staging systems for rhinosinusitis. No relationship was found to exist between degree of pain and severity of illness.

a. Is this a correlational study, experiment, or quasi-experiment?  Explain your answer.

b. Is it descriptive or inferential?  Explain your answer.

c. Does the above study have an independent, subject, or dependent variable?  If yes, identify each.

            

2. Researchers wanted to examine the relationship of body image in young women’s eating behavior. Baird, Morrison, and Sleigh (2007) examined body image and its relationship to eating behaviors among African- American and Caucasian young adult women. The results indicated differences in women’s eating patterns are related to race and body esteem. Caucasian women were found to have lower body satisfaction than African-American women. African-American women rated their sexual attractiveness body esteem, weight concern body esteem, and physical condition body esteem higher than Caucasian women. African- American women also had a higher ideal weight. Women who rated themselves as having very unhealthy eating habits had higher ideal weight, lower body esteem about their weight, and lower body esteem about their physical condition than women with healthier reported eating habits.

a. Is this a correlational study, experiment, or quasi-experiment?  Explain your answer.

b. Does the above study have an independent, subject, or dependent variable?  If yes, identify each.

Answer 1

Solution:

1 a) This is a correlational study. Here the researchers whats to understand what kind of relationship exists between the variables.

1 b) It is inferential statistics. Here the data is taken from a sample to get the result from the population.

Whereas descriptive statistics uses data to provide descriptions of the population by using numerical calculations or graphs or tables.

1 c) Degree of severity of refractory rhinosinusitis is the independent variable.

Degree of pain is the dependent variable.

2 a) This is a correlational study. Here the researcher looks for associations among naturally occurring variables.

2 b) Eating behavior is the independent variable.

Body image is the dependent variable.

African- American and Caucasian young adult women are the subject variable.