Question

Note: my subject is early childhood education. I need the answer of this question. Question is: Describe the main elements of the theorist and the example of each theory in child development?

Erik Erikson ,Jean Piaget, Maria Montessori, Lev Vygotsky, Urie Bronfenbrenner.

Answer 1

Early childhood is the most important period of child development. Children at this age can perform progressively. They can play with other children, they start learning new things and they start interacting with others. There are some elements, which have a strong influence in the child's educational and moral development.

Appreciation from parents

A child needs encouragement from her parents. If the parents are not enough supportive the her educational development will affected.

As example- According to Erik Erikson, a child's development goes under 8 stages. Such as Trust vs Mistrust, Autonomy vs Shame, Initiative vs Guilt, Industry vs Inferiority, Identity vs Role confusion, Intimacy vs Isolation, creativity vs Stagnation and Ego-Integrity vs Despair.

This eight stages have a strong influences in child's development. Among all these stages stage 2 and stage 4 have the main influences in early childhood education.

Stage 2(Autonomy vs Shame and doubt)

According to Erikson, this stage is the most important stage in development. In this stage of life, a child learns to walk independendly, starts grasping something and language development also starts during this stage of development.

A child needs security and freedom at this stage, if the child's parents are enough supportive then the child's educational development can be progressed . Or if the parents does not appreciates the child's independence then shame and social fear can be build up in their educational life. Personal controls also can be learned at this stage of development. Such as toilet training is a major part of this educational development.

Stage 4 (Industry vs Inferiority)

Children stars going school at this period of development. They starts learning new things from the teachers. But sometimes parents and teachers may create an extreme pressure in the child. Comparison with other students can harm the child's educational development.

So according to Erikson, parents need to be very supportive at this stage of educational development. A small appreciation from the parents can motivate a lot the child. So parents always should appreciates the child for his or her hard work.

Socail interaction

An infant or child understand the world complete differently than others. The child's thinking developed when he started interacting with the world around him. According to Jean Piaget, a child learns how to think, when they starts learning about the world.Piaget describes 4 stages which have a strong influence in child's educational development. Such as Preoperational stage, Sensorimotor stage,Concrete operational stage and Formal operational stage. The sensorimotor stage and Concrete Operational stage are associated with the Early childhood education.

Sensorimotor stage

During this stage, a child just starts to learn how to learn from others. As the language development and others physical developments occured in this stage of life, the child starts experiencing everything by their five sense organs. So according to this stage interaction with the wide world brings a lot of changes in child's educational development.

Concrete Operational stage

According to Piaget, the child enters a new stage of learning when he enters the stage of concrete operation stage. This stage basically starts at the age 6 or 7. In this stage a child gets punishment for his wrongdoing activities and they gets reward if they maintains all the rules and regulations. This stage helps to understand the child that any kind of behavior can evoke different responses from different people. So the child starts maintaining all the rules and regulations to avoid punishments.This kind of punishment has a major influence in child's learning.

Environment supports

The child's enviroinment matters a lot in his educational develoment. A child can learn best when they gets environment support.

The Montessori Theorey

An Itilian educator Maria Montessori was the founder of this theorey. Maria Montessori has designed a classroom with the appropiate tasks and encouragements for doing a task.

Montessori classroom was designed with three elements, which was The teacher, the students and the environment. The classes was kind of different. It was closely attached with the real-world environment. The child cognition development such as Seeing, tasting and other kinds of experience was the main priority of the classroom. So according to this theorey it can be concluded that, if the child gets proper environment then her or his educational and cognitive both development can be progressed.

Social Development

Socail development plays an important role in child's educational development.

Socail Development Theorey

According to Lev vygotsky, Every cultural developments of the child can appear twice. The first is the socail level and the second is the individual level. When the child starts interacting with others, their attention, logical memories are influenced by the social interaction.

Not only that Vygotsky also stated that the educational development completely depends on the Zone of proximal Development.Full social interaction can helps to develop the child's skills and ability. In other hand the less interaction can create a consciousness in the child.

Ecological System

Ecological system has a strong affect on child's development. The child's environment affects the child's growths and development.

Ecological System Theorey

Urie Bronfenbrenner was proposed the theorey of Ecological System to elaborate the effect of envorinment on child's development. According to Bronfenbrenner, there are different levels of environment which have a strong influence in child's develoment. Such as Microsystem,Mesosystem, Exosystem and Macrosystem.

Microsystem

According to Bronfenbrenner, the microsystem is the environment where child lives in. This system can affect the child's personality trait, mood temperment etc. As it is the enviornment where child lives in, the parents, the neighbors and the relatives have the much influences in this system. The child's relationship with others completelyt depends on this system.

Mesosystem

This system includes how the child is associated with the schools and other communities. Such as the school activities and parents encouragement leads the child development and this system is about the others care to the child.

Exosystem

This system includes the other people and places. The child is not that much interested with interacting all the people. But they need to do it for the social pressure.

As example-In school the child may not interested to interact with every teachers, but they need to do it for their learning process.

Macrosystem

The macrosystem is associated with things such as the freedom permitted by the government. These kind of freedom such as cultural values, the economical values etc have a big influence in child's development. These kind of things either responsible for the negative affect on the child or also can be the possitive affect on the child's development.