Question

Briefly describe the fast brain/slow brain concept presented by Kahneman. Briefly describe the positivity ratio concept presented by Fredrickson. Briefly describe the readiness concept presented by Prochaska. Analyze how each of these concepts influences the process of creating hypotheses, testing hypotheses, and drawing conclusions. Which of these researchers' concepts is the preferred model? Why?

Answer 1

• System 1 is the involuntary, always-on network in our brains that takes in stimuli and process it. It’s the system that makes automatic decisions for us, like turning our heads when we hear our names called or freezing when we see a spider.System 2 runs the voluntary parts of our brains. It processes suggestions offered by System 1, makes final decisions and chooses where to allocate our attention.

• System 1 examples;Detect that one object is more distant than another;Orient to the source of a sudden sound.

• System 2 examples,these require attention in order to focus on such things;Brace for the starter gun in a race;Focus attention on the clowns in the circus;Focus on the voice of a particular person in a crowded and noisy room;Look for a woman with white hair.

• Fredrickson explains how experiencing positive emotions to negative emotions in this approximate ratio leads people to achieve optimal levels of well-being and resilience. This scientific discovery was groundbreaking in beginning the discussions on how a positive state of mind can enhance relationships, improve health, relieve depression, and broaden the mind.

• Transtheoretical model of Change from Prochaska (1992)-This well established model rooted in clinical psychology takes into account to which degree a person is ready for a change i.e. aware about a problem and motivation to change his behaviour.

• The other part of hypothesis testing can be asked as another question. Due to time constraints only one part has been answered.