How is kinship be culturally constructed (meaning outside of the biological relatedness framework)? Give an ethnographic example.
According to, relativists, such as David Schneider, kinship have no intrinsic relationship to our biology and thus it is unlimited in its possible forms. However; assuming a middle ground we can maintain that; kinship is constructed from a set of different categories, groups, relationships, and behaviors that are based upon culturally determined beliefs and values concerning human biology and reproduction. Thus kinship can be culturally constructed; outside of the biological relatedness framework by having a varying cultural attitude towards the formation of social ties such as marriage; between first cousins, for example, is a culturally constructed family norm or kinship as cousin marriage is considered desirable. However, it is considered prohibited and unlawful in other cultures, where it is considered as incest.
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