Question

• Describe the size and orientation of images formed from lenses and mirrors

• Explain how the orientation of two polarizers affects the amount of light that passes through them

Answer 1

by convex lens

by concave lens  

Explain how the orientation of two polarizers affects the amount of light that passes through them

if any unpolarized light fall on first polarizer than its intensity wll become half after passing from first polarizer

and when it passes through 2nd polarizer its intensity is given by

I= I₀* cos²θ

here θ is the angle with the vertical axis   

now if two polarizers axis  are one is vertical and one is horizontal then no light will pass from 2nd polarizer since cos90 = 0

other than 90 deg orientation, some intensity will pass so by using two polarizers we can vary the intensity of unpolarized light