Question

Question 16

This type of system is a hallmark on the Lean enterprise. Products and services are handled this way rather than being pushed through from previous process without any relationship to consumption by subsequent process or the consumer.

What is ________________________?

Question 17

This type of diagram of the physical layout of the work area documents the flow of physical movement by people or material through the process.

What is ________________________?

Question 18

Any process, product or service that fails to meet specifications and is not done right the first time.

What is ________________________?

Question 19

Producing more than your customer requires

What is ________________________?

Answer 1

Ans 17-Evidence suggests that increasing physical activity and physical fitness may improve academic performance and that time in the school day dedicated to recess, physical education class, and physical activity in the classroom may also facilitate academic performance.

• Available evidence suggests that mathematics and reading are the academic topics that are most influenced by physical activity. These topics depend on efficient and effective executive function, which has been linked to physical activity and physical fitness.

Physical Education (PE) develops students' competence and confidence to take part in a range of physical activities that become a central part of their lives, both in and out of school. A high-quality PE curriculum enables all students to enjoy and succeed in many kinds of physical activity.

Health-related behaviors and disease risk factors track from childhood to adulthood, indicating that early and ongoing opportunities for physical activity are needed for maximum health benefit.

• To be effective, physical activity programming must align with the predictable developmental changes in children’s exercise capacity and motor skills, which affect the activities in which they can successfully engage.

• Frequent bouts of physical activity throughout the day yield short-term benefits for mental and cognitive health while also providing opportunities to practice skills and building confidence that promotes ongoing engagement in physical activity.

• Distinct types of physical activity address unique health concerns and contribute in distinct ways to children’s health, suggesting that a varied regimen including aerobic and resistance exercise, structured and unstructured opportunities, and both longer sessions and shorter bouts will likely confer the greatest benefit

ANS18 -Although many companies treat product development as if it were similar to manufacturing, the two are profoundly different. In the world of manufacturing physical objects, tasks are repetitive, activities are reasonably predictable, and the items being created can be in only one place at a time. In product development many tasks are unique, project requirements constantly change, and the output—thanks, in part, to the widespread

The failure to appreciate those critical differences has given rise to several fallacies that undermine the planning, execution, and evaluation of product development projects. Together,

This typically happens due to a number of reasons, from poor product / market fit, failure to understand customer needs (or fixing a non-existing problem), to a lack of internal capabilities.

Why do so many products fail to produce any meaningful financial return? Here are 7 key reasons major brands’ products fail on the market:

Reason #1: Failure to Understand Consumer Needs and Wants

After spending years researching and trialling the product, in

Reason #2: Fixing a Non-Existent Problem

Reason #3: Targeting the Wrong Marke

stages of a new product development process?

Concept/ideation. ...

Feasibility study and design planning. ...

Design and development. ...

Testing & verification. ...

Validation & collateral production. ...

Manufacture/launch. ...

Improvement.

Answer 19-Things Every Customer Wants

Preparation. Customers want you to do your homework before talking with them. ...

Simplicity. Customers, like everyone else, must cope with the complexities of business. ...

Creativity. Customers already have ideas on how to solve their problems and create their opportunities. ...

Loyalty. ...

Accessibility. ...

Accountability.

There are four main customer needs that an entrepreneur or small business must consider. These are price, quality, choice and convenience

There is more than one thing that customers value when purchasing a product. Customers want low prices because they want to pay less money. ... Additionally, customers want quick service and good after-sales service, which often leads them to being loyal customers. They also want products with useful and valuable features

To emprove bhavarior to caustamer and Emprove quality of products

In order for an entrepreneur or business to be successful, it is key for them to identify and fulfil customers’ needs. Most business ideas come from an entrepreneur spotting a need for a product or service. There are four main customer needs that an entrepreneur or small business must consider. These are price, quality, choice and convenience.

Price

Price is how much a business charges for its product or service. Customers want a fair price when purchasing a product or service. Usually, low prices will draw in many customers, although people ultimately want value for money.

It is important for a price to match the quality of the product or service that the business is selling. For example, if a jewellery shop sells rare diamonds, customers will expect a high price. In this instance, having a low price could put people off. However, if a discount shop sells its own brand of chocolate, customers may expect a low price as they will assume the product is of low quality.

Quality

Quality relates to the standard of the product or service being offered. Customers always expect some level of quality, no matter how much they pay for a product or service. Generally, those paying a low price will expect a lower level of quality and those paying a higher price will expect a higher level of quality. For example, if a person buys a handbag for £15, they may expect it to last for six months. However, a person who spends £500 on a handbag may expect it to last for five years or longer.

Similarly, the levels of service offered by businesses also vary in quality. Low prices often mean a lower-quality service whereas higher prices often mean a higher-quality level of service.

Choice

Choice is very important – many businesses have a range of products and/or services available to suit different groups of customers. Customers have different needs and desires when buying items. They might want different styles or sizes, or even completely different products altogether. For example, a clothing shop may need to stock a range of styles of clothing, and a range of sizes for each item of clothing it offers. Similarly, a sandwich shop would need to offer a range of sandwiches to cater to a range of customers. For example, a customer on a vegan or vegetarian diet would not be interested in a tuna sandwich.

Businesses that operate through e-commerce are able to have a wider choice available, as they are not restricted by the display area in a physical shop.

Convenience

1. Customers and consumers want convenience and are often willing to pay more for it. Convenience relates to something being easier, quicker or generally less hassle for customers. An example of this would be buying clothes or food online rather than travelling to a shop or takeaway – customers are often happy to pay an additional delivery fee for the convenience of being able to stay at home. Another example is a ticket-selling business being able to display tickets via an app on a smartphone rather than requiring customers to print out their tickets.

Ans16Production function is that part of an organization, which is concerned with the
transformation of a range of inputs into the required outputs (products) having the requisite
quality level. Production may be understood as “the step-by-step conversion of one form of
material into another form through chemical or mechanical process to create or enhance the
utility of the product to the user. Thus production is a value addition process.
In any manufacturing enterprise, the main objective of production department is to produce
the things in desired quantity at desired time so that they may be made available to end
users when they demand it. Production, being a very complex process is very difficult to
manage for the people. This includes a large number of activities and operations which need
to be planned appropriately and in turn controlled for the effective production of the output.
The main purpose of production planning and control (PPC) is to establish routes and
schedules for the work that will ensure the optimum utilization of materials, workers, and
machines and to provide the means for ensuring the operation of the plant in accordance
with these plans.
There are different types of production systems. The choice of production system depends
upon the nature of products, variety of products and volume of products. These production
systems have been discussed in this chapter in detail. Entrepreneurs, after finalizing the
production system to be used are required to go for the production planning and control
(PPC) which essentially depends upon the type of production system.
Production planning and control is necessarily concerned with implementing the plans, i.e.
the detailed scheduling of jobs, assigning of workloads to machines (and people), the
actual flow of work through the system. Production is an organized activity of
converting row materials into useful products. Production system requires the optimal
utilization of natural resources like men, money, machine, materials and time. Production
planning and control coordinate with different departments: such as production,
marketing, logistics, warehouse and other departments depending upon the nature of
organization. Production planning and control receives data related to orders from
marketing departments. Production plan based on marketing and production data is prepared
in production planning and control. This production plan provides clear idea about
utilization of manufacturing resources for production. Prepared production plan is delivered

production department. Production department manufacture products according to that

plan.

The ultimate objective of production planning and control, like that of all other

manufacturing controls, is to contribute to the profits of the enterprise. As with inventory

management and control, this is accomplished by keeping the customers satisfied through

the meeting of delivery schedules.

The main objectives of PPC may be summarized as followings:-

a) It is used to establish target and check the deviations by comparing on some

performance measures.

b) Decides the nature and magnitude of different input factors to produce the output.

c) Coordinates different resources of production system in the most effective and

economic manner and to coordinate among different departments.

d) Elimination of bottleneck

e) Utilization of inventory in the optimal way

f) Smooth flow of material

g) To produce in right quantity and quality at right time

h) Scheduling production activities to meet delivery schedule

i) Expediting the system under production

j) To ensure flexibility in production system to accommodate changes and uncertainty

k) Optimizes the use of resources for minimum overall production cost

l) To ensure the production of right product at right time in right quantity with

specification rightly suited to customers