Question

Inheriting the BRCA gene that increases risk of breast cancer is a _____ for the development of breast cancer.

A. Necessary Cause

B. Sufficient Cause

C. Component Cause

D Necessary and Sufficient Cause

Answer 1

breast cancer ;- it is a disease in which certain cells in the breast changed into abnormal and multiple uncontrollably to form a tumor.

-the most common form of breast cancer begins in cells lining the milk ducts that type of cancer is called ductal cancer

-this type of cancer can develop in the glands that produce milk ,this type of cancer is called lobular cancer

-breast cancer can also develop in men ,most men have no lobular tissue ,so lobular cancer in men is rare .

signs and symptoms;-

usually does not cause oain

when the cancer progress,the client will show

changes in size and shape of breast

nipple discharges

tendereness

skin irritation

retraction

dimp-ling

redness or scaliness

cancer and BRCA

BRCA1(BReast CAncer gene1) and BRCA2 (BReast CAncer gene2) are tpye ofgenes they produce protiens that help for repairing damged DNA.

-each person have two copies of these genes and one copy inherited from each parent.

-these two type of genes called tumor suppressor genes. Because when they get certain changes,called harmful varients or mutations.

-most common type of cancer due to these genes are breast and ovarian cancer

-a harmful varients in any one of this two types of genes can be inherited from either parent.

-each child of a parent who carries any type of mutation in BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes has 50%chance of inheriting the mutation.

-inherited mutation ( germline mutation) are present from birth in all cells in our body

-a small %of of all breast cancers cluster in their families

-these cancers are described as hereditary and also associated with gene mutation

-hereditary cancer tend to develop earlier in life than nonherited cancer

-inherited breast cancers are associated with inherited mutation in particular genes sucha as BRCA1 or in BRCA2(THESE GENES ARE HIGH PENETRANCE)

-in hereditory breast cancer ,the risk is inherited depends on the gene involved

-mutation in the BRCA1 AND BRCA2 genes are inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern

-ie, one copy of the altered gene in each cell is SUFFICIENT to increase a person's chance of developing cancer

Other type of cancer due to these mutated genes

Pancreatic cancer

Prostate cancer

Fallopian tube cancer etc

Option B is correct sufficient cause.