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Determine the states for the free ion V3+.

Determine the states for the free ion V3+.
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Answer #1

V3+ (d2)

The d2 - V3+ free ion has five atomic states:

1G, 3F, 1D, 3P, 1S

The lowest energy state of the free ion is determined by Hund’s rules:

(i). The ground state has the highest spin multiplicity (to maximize Πe and minimize Πc).

3F and 3P

(ii). For the same spin multiplicity, the ground state is the one with the largest value of "L" (that is the atomic state with the largest number of microstates)

3F

Hence, the ground state electron configuration for the V3+ free ion is 3F, the other four atomic states are excited state electron configurations.

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