Question

In inter- or intracellular communication, the initial signal that a cell receives is often amplified. How does this work?

Answer 1

Inside the cell, the signal must be amplified so that the response is carried out multiple times rather than just be a single molecule. Amplification is built into the system. Intracellular signaling occurs within a cell, and intercellular signaling occurs between cells.Internal receptors are located inside the cell, and their ligands enter the cell to bind the receptor. Amplification is built into the system. Any molecule that catalyzes a reaction can do so multiple times producing more than one product molecule. So each step in the signaling chain has the potential for amplification. If a signaling chain is several steps long then there is a great potential for amplification of the signal. For example if the membrane receptor can produce 10 second messengers and each second messenger can generate the transcription of 10 mRNA chains then the signal has been amplified one thousand fold.

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