Systems immune.
The recognition of altered immune system function in many chronic disease states has proven to be a pivotal advance in biomedical research over the past decade. For many metabolic and mood disorders, this altered immune activity has been characterized as inflammation, with the attendant assumption that the immune response is aberrant. However, accumulating evidence challenges this assumption and suggests that the immune system may be mounting adaptive responses to chronic stressors. Further, the inordinate complexity of immune function renders a simplistic, binary model incapable of capturing critical mechanistic insights. In this perspective article, we propose alternative paradigms for understanding the role of the immune system in chronic disease. By invoking allostasis or systems biology rather than inflammation, we can ascribe greater functional significance to immune mediators, gain newfound appreciation of the adaptive facets of altered immune activity, and better avoid the potentially disastrous effects of translating erroneous assumptions into novel therapeutic strategies.
Circulatory system.
Don't smoke. Exercise a minimum of 30 minutes a day, most days of the week. Maintain a healthy, low-fat, low-cholesterol diet with more fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. Avoid trans fats and saturated fats, which are often found in processed foods and fast food.
Modifiable risk factors are factors that can be controlled, changed, or treated with lifestyle changes. These risk factors include:
Managing certain conditions such as high blood pressure and diabetes can also affect your risk.
If you’re at risk for a circulatory system disease, work with your doctor to control conditions such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and diabetes. You can also take steps and make lifestyle changes to prevent these conditions.
Tips for circulatory health
Urinary system.
Chronic urinary tract infections (UTIs) are infections of the urinary tract that either don’t respond to treatment or keep recurring. They may either continue to affect your urinary tract despite getting the right treatment, or they may recur after treatment.
Your urinary tract is the pathway that makes up your urinary system. It includes the following:
The symptoms of a chronic UTI affecting your bladder include:
If the UTI spreads to your kidneys, it might cause:
A UTI is the result of a bacterial infection. In most cases, the bacteria enter the urinary system through the urethra, and then they multiply in the bladder. It’s helpful to break down UTIs into bladder and urethral infections to better understand how they develop.
There are lifestyle factors that can put you at extra risk of developing a chronic UTI, like using a diaphragm during sex. Diaphragms push up against the urethra, making it harder to fully empty your bladder. The urine that doesn’t empty is more likely to grow bacteria.
Another example is constantly changing the bacterial makeup of the vagina. This can increase your risk of developing a chronic UTI. If you regularly use any of the following products, then you’re changing your vaginal bacteria:
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