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Describe the general organization of a eukaryotic chromosome.

Describe the general organization of a eukaryotic chromosome.

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The length of DNA is far larger than the space which it contains which is the nucleus in eukaryotic cell. So the chromosome must be condensed to fit in the small space. Degree of condensation in packing ratio.

Chromatin reflects general structure of chromosome but is not unique to any particular chromosome. Nucleasome is simplest unit of packaging. DNA is wrapped around an octamer of histone proteins. 200 base pairs wrapped around an octamer. 2 copies of histone proteins H2A, H2B, H3 and H4.

When stained with dyes, chromosomes appear alternating dark and light bands. Darkly stained heterochromatin and light euchromatin.

Centromere is the condensed region of a chromosome essential for segregation in mitosis and meiosis. Telomere is the end of a chromosome. Telomere is required for replication and stability of chromosomes.

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