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Know the ways enzymes are regulated and the effects of various changes (i.e. allosteric effectors, PTMs,...

Know the ways enzymes are regulated and the effects of various

changes (i.e. allosteric effectors, PTMs, isozymes, etc..)

For drug-design, be able to evaluate a potential drug based on the

mechanism of the enzyme for its effectiveness.

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Enzymes catalyse the conversion of reactants into products. Enzymes increase the rate of the reaction. Enzymes are regulated by various mechanisms. Some of them are genetic regulation, post translational modifications (PTMs), allosteric regulation, compartmentalisation, isozymes, zymogen activation etc.

In allosteric regulation, the inducer or suppressor (regulatory molecule) binds to sites present on the enzymes apart from the active sites. PTMs modify the activity of enzymes according to environmental cues. Isozymes are enzymes with different aminoacid sequence but catalyse the same chemical reaction.

For drug-design, it is essential to evaluate a potential drug based on the mechanism of the enzyme for its effectiveness. For example, the drug methotrexate inhibits the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase which produces folic acid.

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