Question

16. Destruction of the ductal cells within the pancreas could result in which of the following?

a. Decreased bicarbonate released into the intestinal lumen

b. Decreased secretin levels in the bloodstream

c. Decreased zymogen release into the intestinal lumen

17. Which of the following is true regarding short reflexes?

a. Short reflexes in the gut rely on the activities of the automatic nervous system

b. The integrating center for shot reflexes is the enteric nervous system

c. The myogenic reflex is an example of a short reflex

18. Which is the following statement is true regarding the internal and sphincter

a. It is composed of smooth muscle

b. Contraction of this muscle allows for the propulsion of the feces from the body

c. It is under voluntary control

19. Which cells in the stomach have histamine receptors?

a. The H cell (histamine secreting cell)

b. The D cell (somatostatin secreting cell)

c. The parietal cell (H+ secreting cell)

20. Which of the following statements regarding gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is true?

a. GERD is due to the over activation of acid-secreting cells present in the esophagus

b. GERD is typically treated using drugs that activate acid release from the parietal cell

c. GERD is characterized by the presence of acid in the esophagus due to improper closure or increased opening of the lower esophagus sphincter

Answer 1

16.

A. Decreased bicarbonate released into the intestinal lumen.

Question 17.

B. The integrating center for short reflex is the enteric nervous system.

short reflexes result from stimuli inside the GI tract. They are regulated by the enteric nervous system (ENS) and as a result, don't pass through the CNS. Because they don't pass through the brain we are typically unaware that the response is happening.

Question 18.

A. It is composed of smooth muscle.

Question 19.

C. The parietal cell.

Question 20.

C. GERD is characterized by the presence of acid in the esophagus due to improper closure or increased opening of the lower esophagus sphincter