Question

6. Diabetic Ketoacidosis can occur in a patient with severely uncontrolled diabetes. Which of the following is a key contributor to the acidosis?

a. uncontrolled gluconeogenesis during the absorptive and post-absorptive state

b. Increased liver glycogenesis during the absorptive state

c.Decreased ketone body production in the liver during the post-absorptive state

7. Which of the following statements regarding Type 1 diabetics is true?

a. Type 1 debiatics cannot produce insulin

b. Type 1 diabetics are typically treated with insulin sensitizers

c. Type 1 diabetics are insulin resistant

8. Identify the gluconeogenic pathway

a. Glycogen--- glucose

b. Fatty acid--- keto acid----glucose

c. Amino acid--- keto acid----- glucose

9. Which of the following would you expect to be associated with this presentation?

Patient- 21 year old male

Chief complaint- Abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting. increased thirst and frequency of urination

Background- Patient is a type 1-diabetic

Examination notes- Insulin pump appears to have stopped working, elevated plasma glucose levels following a finger prick.

a. Decreased serum ketones

b. increased Plasma pH

c. Increased protein glycation (AGEs) within the plasma

10. Which of the following events is most likely occurring during the postabsorptive state?

a. Glycogen is being hydrolyzed releasing individual glucose monomers into the blood

b. chylomicrons are circulating in the plasma

c. Gluconeogenesis is actively occurring in must cells within the body

11. In healthy individual, which two events are likely to occur at the same time?

a. Glycogenesis and gluconeogenesis

b. Lipolysis and increased plasma glucagon levels

c. Release of fatty acids from the adipose tissue and increased plasma insulin levels

12. Which of the following liver processes are occurring when glucagon is present in the plasma ?

a. Liver cells activate glycogenesis pathways

b. Liver cells are converting lactate glucose

c. Liver cells begin producing ATP from fatty acid oxidation  

13. Why is the liver less likely to produce ATP from fatty acid oxidation?

a. The liver prefers to oxidize glycogen stored in the tissue

b. Oxaloacetate levels in the liver is too low to produce ATP from fatty acids

c. Access to fatty acids in the liver is limited due to the absence of a fatty acid transporter

14. The binding of insulin to the insulin receptor on a fat cell results in which of the following?

a. Glucose movement from the plasma into the fat cells

b. Increased rate of glucose phosphorylation upon entry into the cell

c. Increase in glycogen production

15. How do very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs) differ from chylomicrons?

a. VLDLs contain triglycerides that originated in persons diet

b. VLDLs carry and deposit triglyceride in the adaptive tissue

c.VLDLs are produced by the liver

Answer 1

a. uncontrolled gluconeogenesis during the absorptive and post-absorptive state

Explanation -

The diabetic ketoacidosis occus when insulin doesn't get secreted in severe diabetes cases which intend the fat cells to breakdown to provide energy to the cells. The ketone bodies gets produced by the process of gluconeogenesis through the catbolic meatbolism pathway during absoprtive and postabsorptive state. As a result, increases in the ketone body occurs in the liver.

Where as liver glycogenesis gets stimulated by the insulin when blood glucose level rises and formation of glycogen occurs for the storage in the liver and this glycogen gets utilized in fasting condition.Therefore, in severe diabetes ,insulin is not secreted enough,so this option b is wrong.