Question

What are some Similarities between second messenger system and direct gene activation?

please include 3-5.

Answer 1

There are two types of hormonal effector mechanisms.
1. Second messanger system:
i. Peptide hormones bind to the membrane receptor and initiate a signaling cascade that ultimately results in the production of a second messanger such as cAMP or Ca+
ii. They contain membrane receptors

2. Direct gene activatation:
i. Since steroid hormones are lipid-solubel, they can easily cross the membrane and enter the cell to bind their cognate receptor. The activated receptor dircetly binds to the target gene promoters to regulate their gene expression.
ii. They contain cytosolic or nuclear receptors

Both are involved in gene regulation
Both modulate the cell's response to external and internal signals
Both are ultimately involved in the activation or repression of specific set of genes.