Question

1. Information bias occurs:
a. after the subjects have entered the study.
b. before the subjects have entered the study.
c. Both of the above
d. None of the above

3. Loss to follow-up bias is an important concern in which type of epidemiologic study?
a. Case-control studies only
b. Cohort studies only
c. Experimental studies only
d. Both cohort and experimental studies

4. For a variable to be a confounder, it must be:
a. associated with the disease (outcome) under study.
b. associated with the risk factor (exposure) under study.
c. Both of the above
d. Neither of the above

5. Hill’s guideline that the cause must precede the disease is known as:
a. consistency.
b. dose-response.
c. temporality.
d. biological plausibility.

Please provide the answer with explanation, THANKS!!!!

Answer 1