Question

1- Which study design(s) require collecting information about participants over time? (Select all that apply.)

		Cross-sectional
		Case-control
		Meta-analysis
		Cohort
		Experimental
		Ecological

2- For the following research question, identify the exposure, outcome and population.

Does the number of parks in a neighborhood decrease crime rates within neighborhoods across the inland empire?

-       A.       B.       C.       D.	Exposure
-       A.       B.       C.       D.	Outcome
-       A.       B.       C.       D.	Population

A.	People in the inland empire
B.	Neighborhoods in the inland empire.
C.	Number of parks in a neighborhood
D.	Crime rate

3- Match the following limitations with the most relevant type of research approach.

-       A.       B.       C.       D.	Accessible population
-       A.       B.       C.       D.	Ethical considerations in methods
-       A.       B.       C.       D.	Available Data
-       A.       B.       C.       D.	Access to data sources
-       A.       B.       C.       D.	Quality of existing research
-       A.       B.       C.       D.	Access to literature

A.	Secondary analysis
B.	Tertiary analysis
C.	Not a limitation of primary, secondary or tertiary analysis
D.	Primary analysis

4- Based on the abstract of this research article, what is the most likely research approach?

Eating down or simply eating less? The diet and health implications of these practices during pregnancy and postpartum in rural Bangladesh

Objective: To: (i) determine the prevalence of self-reported eating less and eating down during early and late pregnancy and postpartum, and explore risk factors associated with eating less; (ii) examine the association between eating less and diet quality; and (iii) determine the association between eating less and weight gain during pregnancy.

Design: Data were collected longitudinally from a cohort of women participating in a community health programme. Diet was assessed at three time points (≤20 weeks’ gestation, 36 weeks’ gestation, 6 months’ postpartum), body weight was measured during study enrolment (≤20 weeks’ gestation) and at 36 weeks’ gestation, and information about the woman and her household was collected at enrolment.

Setting: The Rang-Din Nutrition Study in the Rangpur and Dinajpur districts of Bangladesh.

Subjects: Women (n 4011).

Results: The prevalence of self-reported eating less differed by time point (75·9 % in early pregnancy, 38·8 % in late pregnancy, 7·4 % postpartum; P<0·001). The most common reason for eating less across all time periods was food aversion or loss of appetite. Women who reported eating less in late pregnancy had consumed animal-source foods less frequently in the preceding week than women who reported eating more (mean (sd): 11·7 (7·4) v. 14·8 (9·2) times/week; P<0·001) and had lower weekly weight gain than women who reported eating more (mean (se): 0·27 (0·004) v. 0·33 (0·004) kg/week; P<0·001).

Conclusions: Eating less has negative implications with respect to diet quality and pregnancy weight gain in this context

Citation: Harding, K. L., Matias, S. L., Mridha, M. K., Vosti, S. A., Hussain, S., Dewey, K. G., & Stewart, C. P. (2017). Eating down or simply eating less? The diet and health implications of these practices during pregnancy and postpartum in rural Bangladesh. Public health nutrition, 20(11), 1928-1940.

		Cannot tell from the abstract
		Primary analysis
		Secondary analysis
		Tertiary analysis

Answer 1

In cross sectional study only day is collected in a specific point of time and not for long period

Yes case control study collect information for a long period of time

Meta analysis does not collect information it is a combination of some studies.

Yes cohort study asses data over long periods of time

In experimental study only data is collected about the point of experiment

Yes ecological study asses data of individual for a long period of time

So the answer are

Case control study, cohort study and ecological study