Question:I am an esl student and psychology major student, can expert use
your own word to...
Question
I am an esl student and psychology major student, can expert use
your own word to...
I am an esl student and psychology major student, can expert use
your own word to response these question to me?
Name and describe the three personality parts according to
Freud. Be sure to describe how the parts of personality
interrelate, and what strategies mediate between motivation and the
expression of personality and behavior.
The id, ego, and superego are names for the three parts of the
human personality which are part of Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic
personality theory. According to Freud, these three parts combine
to create the complex behavior of human beings.
Each component not only adds its own unique contribution to
personality, but all three elements interact in ways that have a
powerful influence on each individual. Each of these three elements
of personality emerges at different points in life.
According to Freud's theory, certain aspects of your
personality are more primal and might pressure you to act upon your
most basic urges. Other parts of your personality work to
counteract these urges and strive to make you conform to the
demands of reality.
The id is driven by the pleasure principle, which strives for
immediate gratification of all desires, wants, and needs. If these
needs are not satisfied immediately, the result is a state anxiety
or tension. For example, an increase in hunger or thirst should
produce an immediate attempt to eat or drink.
The id is very important early in life because it ensures that
an infant's needs are met. If the infant is hungry or
uncomfortable, he or she will cry until the demands of the id are
satisfied. Because young infants are ruled entirely by the id,
there is no reasoning with them when these needs demand
satisfaction.
Imagine trying to convince a baby to wait until lunchtime to
eat his meal. Instead, the id requires immediate satisfaction, and
because the other components of personality are not yet present,
the infant will cry until these needs are fulfilled.
However, immediately fulfilling these needs is not always
realistic or even possible. If we were ruled entirely by the
pleasure principle, we might find ourselves grabbing the things
that we want out of other people's hands to satisfy our own
cravings.This sort of behavior would be both disruptive and
socially unacceptable.
According to Freud, the id tries to resolve the tension created
by the pleasure principle through the primary process, which
involves forming a mental image of the desired object as a way of
satisfying the need.
Although people eventually learn to control the id, this part
of personality remains the same infantile, primal force all
throughout life. It is the development of the ego and the superego
that allows people to control the id's basic instincts and act in
ways that are both realistic and socially acceptable.
The ego operates based on the reality principle, which strives
to satisfy the id's desires in realistic and socially appropriate
ways. The reality principle weighs the costs and benefits of an
action before deciding to act upon or abandon impulses. In many
cases, the id's impulses can be satisfied through a process of
delayed gratification—the ego will eventually allow the behavior,
but only in the appropriate time and place.
For example, imagine that you are stuck in a long meeting at
work. You find yourself growing increasingly hungry as the meeting
drags on. While the id might compel you to jump up from your seat
and rush to the break room for a snack, the ego guides you to sit
quietly and wait for the meeting to end.
Instead of acting upon the primal urges of the id, you spend
the rest of the meeting imagining yourself eating a cheeseburger.
Once the meeting is finally over, you can seek out the object you
were imagining and satisfy the demands of the id in a realistic and
appropriate manner.
The last component of personality to develop is the
superego.The superego is the aspect of personality that holds all
of our internalized moral standards and ideals that we acquire from
both parents and society—our sense of right and wrong.
There are two parts of the superego:
The ego ideal includes the rules and standards for good
behaviors. These behaviors include those which are approved of by
parental and other authority figures. Obeying these rules leads to
feelings of pride, value, and accomplishment.
The conscience includes information about things that are
viewed as bad by parents and society. These behaviors are often
forbidden and lead to bad consequences, punishments, or feelings of
guilt and remorse.
The superego acts to perfect and civilize our behavior. It
works to suppress all unacceptable urges of the id and struggles to
make the ego act upon idealistic standards rather that upon
realistic principles. The superego is present in the conscious,
preconscious, and unconscious.
When talking about the id, the ego, and the superego, it is
important to remember that these are not three totally separate
entities with clearly defined boundaries. These aspects of
personality are dynamic and always interacting within a person to
influence an individual's overall personality and behavior.
With so many competing forces, it is easy to see how conflict
might arise between the id, ego, and superego. Freud used the term
ego strength to refer to the ego's ability to function despite
these dueling forces. A person with good ego strength is able to
effectively manage these pressures, while those with too much or
too little ego strength can become too unyielding or too
disrupting.
According to Freud, the key to a healthy personality is a
balance between the id, the ego, and the superego.
If the ego is able to adequately moderate between the demands
of reality, the id, and the superego, a healthy and well-adjusted
personality emerges. Freud believed that an imbalance between these
elements would lead to a maladaptive personality.
An individual with an overly dominant id, for example, might
become impulsive, uncontrollable, or even criminal. This individual
acts upon his or her most basic urges with no concern for whether
the behavior is appropriate, acceptable, or legal.
An overly dominant superego, on the other hand, might lead to a
personality that is extremely moralistic and possibly judgmental.
This person may be very unable to accept anything or anyone that he
or she perceives as "bad" or "immoral."
An excessively dominant ego can also result in problems. An
individual with this type of personality might be so tied to
reality, rules, and appropriateness that they are unable to engage
in any type of spontaneous or unexpected behavior. This individual
may seem very concrete and rigid, incapable of accepting change and
lacking an internal sense of right from wrong.
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