Question 2: Identify and describe the four types of schema that are used to classify others people. (Physical constructs, role constructs, interaction constructs, psychological constructs)
Question 3: Explain why people tend to cling to first impressions. (Halo effects and confirmation bias)
Question 4: Define empathy and explain its importance to perception
A schema can be defined as a cognitive framework that helps us analyse and interpret informations in our environment. It is an automatic interpretation or a shortcut to give meaning to the vast information that us available around, in our surroundings. Different type if schemas are explained below. Role schema can be described as a mental note that help us understand social context in which an individual functions. It is can considered as an expectation we carry about people in a particular role, social context and categories. For example, a physician, janitor or a school teacher. Each display a particular characteristics through which we identity and interpret their presence. Physical construct are the phenotype or the external characteristics via which we identity and retain information of our s ourroundings. For example, we identity an apple by its circular shape and its colour(red) and are able to differeciate it with other fruits, like a pear.Interaction schema can be defined as the mental note that we carry within about the general social knowledge.For example, while greeting a stranger, we usually say 'hello' as it is a mental framework we carry within on how tomeet and greet in social gatherings.
First impression can also be called as 'snap judgements'.When we meet someone for the first time, we usually use our cognitive biaseness to form an opinion about them.These opinions may or may not be accurate ,but they linger and effect our future interaction with them. If the judgement or the opinion formed us positive, it effects our interaction with them in a positive manner but if its negative, it becomes difficult to shift the opinion to a positive one. Racism in social psychology can be explained by the prototypes and pre conceived notion that we carry within about a member of the other community, and this in return aids in forming a bad first impression about the other. Another phenomenon that can explain the information and sustainments of first impression is Halo Effect. Halo Effect is where the percieved positive attributes in one thing gives rise to the similar positive attributes in related things things. For example, during performance appraisal, if a employee has been punctual the entire year without any sick leaves, the H.R manager might find this attribute as positive and appraise the employee in a positive category, even if the performance of the employee would have been mediocre.
Empathy can be defined as the ability within ourselves to sense and feel other people's emotions and feelings. It can also be described as an intimate phenomenon where one posses the ability to imagine what others might be thinking, perceiving and feelings. It is important to perception as it forms the basis of social interaction and relationship with the others. Social psychology explains the importance of empathy as a crucial ingredient in forming a positive social principals within people.
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