Question

From the end of the Middle Ages (~1400 AD/C.E.) to ~1900 AD/C.E., many Jews migrated eastward from Western Europe into Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, and the Russian Empire. They tended to live in and among the non-Jews and maintain their own culture, religion, and govern themselves. They were typically limited in what jobs they could hold, the places they could live, and in other ways kept separate from the non-Jewish community in which they lived.

Identify and describe at least one (1) manifestation of this separateness that Eastern European Jews faced during this time period.

Answer 1

Identify and describe at least one (1) manifestation of this separateness that Eastern European Jews faced during this time period.

At the end of Middle ages, Jews settled in Poland and parts of Russian Empire. More than 5 million Jews--about half of the Jewish people--lived in the Russian Empire (Poland included) at the end of the nineteenth century. More than 90% lived in the “Pale of Settlement.”

Manifestations of this separateness which Jews faced:

(A)The “Pale of Settlement” was reduced in size by edicts of successive Russian tsars, creating more and more difficult living conditions. They were facing extreme poverty.

(B)Jews maintained a separate cultural identity, primarily because they were denied access to state education.

(C) Between 1881 and 1917, more than two million Jews left Russia in search of a better life.

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