Question

Supernova 1987A is not reproducible. How do we know observations of it were valid? The fifth force is not broadly accepted. Is this due to lack of reproducibility or poor- quality experiments (or both)? Discuss why forefront experiments are more subject to observational problems than those involving established phenomena.

Answer 1

The forefront experiments involve phenomenon which are very hard to recreate on earth and the natural observation occur rarely. Just like the supernove of 1987A which could have produce meaningful observation about gravitational waves but at the moment in time mankind did not have the required apparatus to record the observations.

The forefront experiments have succeeded beyond the established phenomenon and require elaborate physical condition to check the validity of the hypothesis. These physical conditions are very difficult to create on earth with the present technology.