Question

2. What technologies gave rise to "End User Computing"?

Answer 1

2.

End-user computing is such a system in which the non-IT professionals get the scope to work on web applications. End-user computing integrates with the non-programmers to construct a computing systems development. It controls the computing environment without aid to the actual developers.  

Example: End-user computing basically refers to the technologies that information technology professionals utilize to secure and manage applications for those workers who need to perform their jobs.
Likewise, VMware an application tool generally used for the end user computing in the enterprise desktop management and also operates on desktop infrastructure to make the device computing.

Therefore, End user computing has given rise to the technologies that enable the non-IT professionals to get the work opportunity on certain web applications.