Question

1a. What does Frederick Taylor mean by the Principle of motion economy in his Scientific Management theory and what does it involve?

1b. Illustrate with examples the essential differences between Efficiency and Effectiveness as
management tools.

Please Give Detailed explanations***
The subject is Principles of Management.

Answer 1

1 a.  Principle of motion economy in Scientific Management theory refers to the  set of rules as well as suggestions which are meant to improve the manual work done in the manufacturing businesses . It aims at reducing the fatigue and unnecessary movements like hand movements, arms movements etc. by the workers which can increase the efficiency and productivity of the workers.

1. use of human body,
2. Principles related to the arrangement of the work place,
3. Principles related to the design of tools and equipment.
4. Principles related to time conservation.

Principle of motion economy in Scientific Management theory involves the method with the help of which the motions of a worker in the factory etc means at the place of work is being analysed and with what materials or machine etc. This is done so as to eliminate the unnecessary movements being involved so that time and energy of the worker can be saved and which consequently will be beneficial for the business point of view as well. This principle broadly includes the movements made by a human body means the worker (such as shoulder movements, arms movements etc), arrangement of the workplace which says that there should be a definite and a fixed place for each and every material or tools etc which are used by the workers while performing tasks.It also stresses upon the design of tools and equipments because the weight, shape etc of the tools does affect the way the tools are handled. Last , but not the least, it includes the time conservation concept which is basically the result of the above mentioned points. Like , if unnecessary movements etc will be removed then obviously, the tasks will get completed fast and early too.

1 b. the essential differences between Efficiency and Effectiveness as management tools are as follows:

Efficiency : It simply means completing the given task within the given time limit.

Example: A manager has to ensure that 100 units of chairs are produced in a day by employing 20 workers. He gets the 500 chairs made within a day but employed 5 more workers to complete this target. Since , he completed the task within the set time limit. We will say that the manager is efficient.

Effectiveness: This means completing the given task within the time limit but at a minimum cost.

Example: In case of same above example, we can say that the manager is efficient but not effective because he hired 5 more workers to complete the task and thus the cost to the business got increased.