Question

⦁   When performing in several types of sports, our bodies require energy production faster than our bodies can adequately deliver oxygen. Explain the biochemical consequences with respect to energy production.

⦁   Explain absorption of monosaccharides using illustrative diagrams.

Answer 1

To meet the increased oxygen and nurtient demand by the active skeletal muscles, various alterations have to be made in the cardiovascular system. Like,

Large increase in heart rate and cardiac contractility to increase cardiac output.

There is increased rate and depth of respiration for more oxygen consumption which requires more blood flow to the respiratory muscles.

There is vasodilation and increased blood flow to the active skeletal muscles and in turn, vasoconstriction in the renal, splanchnic and inactive skeletal muscle vascular beds that produces changes in the regional distribution of the cardiac output.

These changes, are maintained by the sympathetic nervous system by increasing the sympathetic outflow to the heart to increase cardiac output and evoking baroreflex mediated vasoconstriction in the peripheral organs, kidneys and intestine.

Absorption of monosaccharide with diagram is explained below: