Question

Describe two of the common clinical manifestations of cancer and their pathophysiology.

Answer 1

Two common clinical manifestation of cancer are: 1) Bleeding or bruising for no particular reason. 2) cough or hoarsness that refuses to go away. Pathophysiology of bleeding in cancer: bleeding is very common in cancer patients. The bleeding that exit before can be exercebated by medications such as non steriodal anti inflammatory drugs, anti-coagulants. Bleeding may also develop acute catastrophic bleeding, low volume oozing or,episodic major bleeding . bleeding may also be seen as bruising, petechiae epistaxis,vagina bleeding ,hematemesis etc. Pathophysiology of cough : coughing may occur by the tumor tissue stimulating the receptors in lung cancer. The nerve in the airway are also stimulated. Lung cancer can cause pleural effusion,a build up of fluid in the chest cavity.