Question

paragraph or table where you identified the differences between :1-acute kidney injury and chronic kidney injury. 2-peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis

Answer 1

Answer : difference between acute kidney injury and chronic kidney Disease

Acute Kidney Injury	Chronic Kidney Disease
Sudden onset - over days to week	Gradual onset - Over weeks to month
Mostly reversible	Irriversible
Common causes include acute tubular necrosis, pre renal disease and urinary tract obstruction	Common causes are diabetic nephropathy, hypertension, glomerulonephritis, polycystic kidney disease, nephrotoxins
Symptoms include low or no urine, hematuria, edema, confusion, shortness of breath	Symptoms are Weakness, fatigue, anorexia, edema, nausea or vomiting, decreased urine output
Urine specific gravity is high, progressive rise in BUN and creatinine	Urine specific gravilty is low and fixed, stable or elevated BUN and creatinine.
Mostly not require dialysis	Required dialysis
Broad cast formation not present	Broad cast present
Transplantation not require	Transplantation may required
Normal or enlarged kidney present	small shrunken kidney present

Difference between peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis

Haemodialysis

Removal of toxic urea from blood by a process called haemodialysis. A dialyzing machine is connected to the patient’s body. A dialyzer machine consists of a long cellulose tube surrounded by the dialysing fluid in a water bath. The patient’s blood is drawn from a conveinent artery and pumped into the dialysing unit after adding an anticoagulant.

• It requires a vascular access device either temporary or permanent.
• Requires a specialized dialyzer.
• Intermittent dialysis required, ie every 3 to 4 days
• Required a skilled health care professional to do the procedure
• Usually prefared for end stage renal failure

Peritoneal Dialysis

In peritoneal dialysis fluid and solutes are exchanged across the peritoneal membrane by putting dialysis solution into the abdominal cavity. Peritoneal access is obtained by placing a tube through the anterior abdominal wall. Dialysate is run under gravity into the peritoneal cavity and the fluid is left there for several hours.

• Peritoneal dialysis requires an insertion of a catheter in to the peritoneal cavity.
• Does not require special dializer machine.
• Dialysis process is continuous.
• Does not require a skilled healthcare professional. It can be done by the patient using sterile technique.
• Can be used in unstable client also.