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IF a device wants to send the frame “Header A B ESC C ESC FLAG FLAG...

IF a device wants to send the frame “Header A B ESC C ESC FLAG FLAG D Trailer”, and the datalink layer uses the byte stuffing protocol. 1- What is the output frame after stuffing? 2- If we consider the stuffed bytes to be an overhead, what is the percentage of such overhead to the total size of the output frame?

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Answer #1

1. Byte Stuffing

It is one one of the easiest methods to create frames, this method is character oriented. In byte stuffing, a special byte called the escape character (ESC) is stuffed before every byte in the message with the same pattern as the flag byte. If the ESC sequence is found in the message byte, then another ESC byte is stuffed before it.

Frame before Byte Stuffing : “Header A B ESC C ESC FLAG FLAG D Trailer”

Frame after Byte Stuffing: " Header FLAG A B ESC ESC C ESC ESC ESC FLAG ESC ESC FLAG ESC D FLAG Trailer"

2. Using PPP (Point to Point protocol) byte stuffing, the overall overhead is increased by 1% or less, but individual packets can increase in size by as much as 100%. So the overhead depends on the size of the frame it does increase the overhead but not at higher rate.  

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