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BIOCHEM: Identify the coenzyme, and its vitamin precursor, that is responsible for the transfer of a...

BIOCHEM: Identify the coenzyme, and its vitamin precursor, that is responsible for the transfer of a two-carbon group to form a high-energy thioester bond in coenzyme A.

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Answer #1

Lipoamide, a derivative of lipoic acid, transfers an acetyl group to CoA to form acetyl CoA.

The conversion of pyruvate into acetyl CoA is a complex process. Three steps are involved in this process, decarboxylation, oxidation, and transfer of the resultant acetyl group to CoA.

First, pyruvate combines with thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) and is then decarboxylated it and carbanion is formed, which readily adds to the carbonyl group of pyruvate.

Second, the hydroxyethyl group attached to TPP is oxidized to form an acetyl group and transferred to lipoamide that is linked to the side chain of a lysine residue by an amide linkage. This reaction is catalyzed by the pyruvate dehydrogenase component E1, acetyl lipoamide is produced.

Third, the acetyl group is transferred from acetyl lipoamide to CoA to form acetyl CoA.

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