Question

how does rods and cones differ functionally ?

Answer 1

Rods and Cones are the photoreceptors found in the eye.

Rods have rod-like structure, which provide vision during dim light or night also known as scotopic vision. Rods contain a pigment known as rhodopsin or visual purple, it is a purplish pigment, which is rich in vitamin A. This pigment is responsible for the night vision so rods are said to be sensitive to light, and the visual pigment is black-white.

Cones are of the cone shape, which provide vision during day time or at bright light also known as photopic vision. Cones contain a pigment known as iodopsin, which is the violet coloured pigment. The pigments of the cones are sensitive to the wavelength of approximately 420 nm, 534 nm, and 563 nm and the sensitivity may raise to provide vision over the visible spectrum.